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1、低价态的还原性：

4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3

2、与酸性物质的作用：

2NaOH+SO2(少量)==Na2SO3+H2O

OH–+SO2=SO32–+H2O

NaOH+SO2(足)==NaHSO3

OH-+SO2(足)=HSO3–

2NaOH+SiO2==Na2SiO3+H2O

OH-+SiO2=SiO32–+H2O

2NaOH+Al2O3==2NaAlO2+H2O

2OH-+Al2O3=2AlO2–+H2O

2KOH+Cl2==KCl+KClO+H2O

Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O

NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H2O

H++OH =H2O

NaOH+H2S(足)==NaHS+H2O

OH–+H2S=HS–+H2O

2NaOH+H2S(少量)==Na2S+2H2O

2OH–+H2S=S2–+2H2O

3NaOH+AlCl3==Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl

3OH–+Al3+=Al(OH)3↓

NaOH+Al(OH)3==NaAlO2+2H2O (AlCl3和Al(OH)3哪个酸性强?)

OH–+Al(OH)3=AlO2–+2H2O

Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl 2CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O (实验室制NH3)

NaOH+NH4Cl NaCl+NH3↑+H2O

Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl==MgCl2+2NH3•H2O (Al(OH)3+NH4Cl不溶解)

Ba(OH)2+H2SO4==BaSO4↓+2H2O

2H++2OH–+Ba2++SO42–=BaSO4↓2H2O

3、不稳定性:

Mg(OH)2 MgO+H2O 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3+3H2O

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3+3H2O Cu(OH)2 CuO+H2O 2AgOH==Ag2O+H2O