非金属单质(F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si)

1、氧化性：

F2+H2===2HF F2+Xe(过量)===XeF2 2F2(过量)+Xe===XeF4

nF2+2M===2MFn(表示大部分金属) 2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2

2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2

F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2 F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF

3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3 7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7

Cl2+H2===2HCl 3Cl2+2P===2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3===PCl5

Cl2+2Na===2NaCl 3Cl2+2Fe===2FeCl3 Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3

Cl2+Cu===CuCl2 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2NaI===2NaCl+I2

5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S

Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2

2O2+3Fe===Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2

S+H2===H2S 2S+C===CS2 S+Fe===FeS S+2Cu===Cu2S

3S+2Al===Al2S3 S+Zn===ZnS

N2+3H2===2NH3 N2+3Mg===Mg3N2 N2+3Ca===Ca3N2

N2+3Ba===Ba3N2 N2+6Na===2Na3N N2+6K===2K3N

N2+6Rb===2Rb3N

P4+6H2===4PH3 P+3Na===Na3P 2P+3Zn===Zn3P2

2、还原性

S+O2===SO2 S+H2SO4(浓)===3SO2+2H2O

S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O 3S+4HNO(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O

N2+O2===2NO

4P+5O2===P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2===2PX3(X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)

PX3+X2===PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O

C+2F2===CF4 C+2Cl2===CCl4 2C+O2(少量)===2CO

C+O2(足量)===CO2 C+CO2===2CO C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气)

2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)

Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4 (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl) Si(粉)+O2===SiO2

Si+C===SiC(金刚砂) Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2

3、(碱中)歧化

Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO(加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化)

Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O

3Cl2+6KOH(热，浓)===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O 3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O

4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2

11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4

3C+CaO===CaC2+CO 3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO